Who created Google? Google: the history of creation The success of the search engine is the success of its creators

Google was founded in March 1996 as a science project by Larry Page and Sergey Brin., Ph.D., Stanford students worked on the Stanford Digital Library Project (SDLP). SDLP was the goal of "Developing advanced technologies for a unified, integrated and universal digital library." and funded by the National Science Foundation, among other federal agencies. Looking for a dissertation topic, Page considered, among other things, the study of the mathematical properties of the World Wide Web, representing the structure of links in the form of a huge graph. His supervisor, Terry Winograda, recommended that he choose this idea (which Page later recalled as "the best advice I ever got"), and Page focused on the problem of figuring out which web pages link to a given page by considering the number and the nature of such backlinks in terms of the value of the information on the page (similar to the role of citations in scientific publications). In this scientific project, called "BackRub", he was soon joined by Sergey Brin, a Ph.D. Stanford, supported by the National Science Foundation Alumni Fellowship. Brin was already a close friend of Page, whom he first met in the summer of 1995 in a group of freshmen whom Brin volunteered to tour the campus.

PageRank

The web crawler began indexing the web in March 1996, set up from Page's home page at Stanford. To convert the collected data into the level of importance of a given web page, Brin and Page developed the PageRank algorithm. After analyzing the BackRub results, which consisted of a list of URLs ranked by the number of backlinks to a given URL, they realized that a PageRank based search engine would yield better results than existing search algorithms (existing search engines at the time ranked pages by the number of times the search word appears on the page). A small search engine called "RankDex" from IDD Information Services (a subsidiary of Dow Jones) developed by Robin Lee, since 1996, has already explored a similar page ranking and ranking strategy. The RankDex technology was patented and used later when Li founded Baidu in China.

Initially, the search engine was located on the Stanford website google.stanford.edu. The google.com domain was registered on September 15, 1997.

Brin and Page were opposed to the use of pop-up ads in search results, or the sponsored search results model, and they wrote a research paper in 1998 on the subject while still undergraduates. However, they soon changed their minds and early on allowed the inclusion of simple text ads, which are currently Google's main source of income.

Creation of the Company

Google received its first funding in August 1998 in the form of $100,000 from Andy Bechtolstein, one of the founders of the late Sun Microsystems. Google officially incorporated on September 4, 1998 in a friend's garage in Menlo Park, California.

The name "Google" comes from the word "googol", meaning the number 1 followed by one hundred zeros.. (Although Enid Blyton used the phrase "Google Bun" in The Magic Faraway Tree (published 1943). Increasingly used in everyday language, the verb "to google" was added to the Oxford English Dictionary in 2006. as denoting "using Google to search the web".

By the end of 1998, Google had indexed about 60 million pages. The homepage still had a "BETA" tag, but an article in Salon.com already claimed that Google's search results were better than other search engines like Hotbot or Excite.com and praised google for more technological innovation than overburdened portal sites (such as Yahoo!, Excite.com, Lycos, Netscap's Netcenter, AOL.com, Go.com, and MSN.com) that, during the growing dot-com bubble, were seen as "the future of the web", especially by investors stock market.

In March 1999, the company moved to offices at 165 University Avenue in Palo Alto, home to other Silicon Valley tech start-ups. After rapid growth, the company leased the Mountain View building complex at 1600 Amphitheater Parkway from Silicon Graphics (SGI) in 1999. The company has remained at the site ever since and the complex has since become known as the Googleplex (a pun on the Googleplex, a number equal to 1 followed by a googol of zeros). In 2006, Google bought the property from SGI for $319 million.

Google Search is attracting a loyal following among the growing number of Internet users who loved its simple interface. In 2000, Google began selling ads related to search keywords. The ads were text-based, without cluttering up the page design or slowing down page loading speed. Keywords were sold based on a combination of offer price and number of clicks, with prices starting at $0.05 per click. This keyword advertising model was first introduced by Goto.com (later renamed Overture Services before being acquired by Yahoo! and rebranded as Yahoo! Search Marketing). Although many of its competitors failed to break into the new Internet market, Google quietly rose.

Capitalization

In early 2003, the well-known British company Interbrand announced Google as the brand of the year. The search engine managed to bypass Apple and Coca-Cola in this rank. Making huge profits, Google in 2004 was still a private company, whose shares were owned by a narrow circle of investor companies, its founders and employees. For further development it became necessary to withdraw Google Inc. to the stock exchange. It happened in August, when the company's shares appeared on the NASDAQ stock exchange, causing a big stir and making Sergey and Larry billionaires. A little bit later Forbes magazine will name the authors of Google the youngest billionaires on the planet.

To exclude the influence of corporations owning a large block of shares, only shares that did not give their holder the right to vote in the company were sold at the auction. The founders reserved the right to manage the company.

In 2004, Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page were awarded the prestigious Marconi Prize. Prior to that, it was awarded to Tim Berners-Lee, who invented the WWW, Robert Metcalfe, the inventor of Ethernet technology. As you can see, the developments of Sergey and Larry in the field of information technology were highly appreciated, even recognized as revolutionary.

The Times of India website analyzed in 2001 the advantages of Google over other search engines. It turned out that the strengths of Google are the minimal human intervention in the search engine and the constant improvement of the technology used. An important component of the company's success was also the correct positioning in the established market of Internet services throughout its existence. Originally Google Inc. did not consider large portals as its competitors, but saw potential customers in them. Licensing your own search engine to other firms has become a major source of income. And later the company began to increase the number of additional services provided.

Google VS Microsoft

Today, Google.com is the fourth most visited site on the Internet behind Yahoo!, MSN and AOL. Between these companies began a real war for network users. It is unlikely that search engines from Yahoo! or AOL will be able to compete with Google, but the portal from Google may be quite competitive. However, time will tell. The real threat to Google now comes from Microsoft, which is working on the development of its MSN system, which, of course, will be actively used by the next versions of their operating systems. Steve Ballmer at a recent meeting with Stanford students shared his thoughts on the future of Google, giving it a maximum of five years of life, and Bill Gates at the D3 conference held in Carlsbad called Google "a bubble that is still afloat."

The media often quotes the phrase of Sergey Brin: “ Some say that Google is God. Others - that it is Satan himself. But if both think that Google is too powerful, then let them remember that search engines share a single click of the mouse. People come to Google because they choose it. We don't force them».

Today, Google is more than just Internet search. It is also one of the most advanced email services, the world's most popular video service, office web applications, news, and much more. As well as the Android platform on smartphones and communicators. The company continues its development, gaining more and more influence on the Internet every day. Nobody is going to stop there. Sergey Brin is quite a vain person. In one of his interviews, he noted that if Google is his most notable achievement in life, he will be upset. Well, already now his wife is working in the field of genetics on a social network that will contain the DNA of all people on the planet. Google itself is the world's premier source of information. Bill Gates is not just trying to compete with Google in the Internet search market. He's a smart man, and he's well aware of the impact a company that leads the search for information will have. Gates' problem is that he doesn't understand that such a company already exists - and it's not Microsoft. Google is still a very young company. But already in 6-8 years, perhaps Google will be the largest company in IT, occupying a very important place in the life of every person on the planet. There are some fears about how such an influence would not turn into a catastrophe for all mankind. Let's hope that this does not happen, because the main principle of Google, formulated by Sergey Brin, is: "Do no harm!".

Today, almost every Internet user is familiar with Google. Its founder, Sergey Brin, a Jew by nationality, has long thought about the need for a discovery of this kind. His biography is a vivid example of the fact that today it is quite possible to make a discovery, to create a brilliant project.

Brin's life in the USSR

Sergey's biography originates in the USSR, so the Russian people can proudly say today that the creator of the unique Google system, Sergey Mikhailovich Brin, is our fellow countryman, a Russian. Brin Sergey Mikhailovich was born in Moscow in 1973 in a family of mathematicians.

His mother, Evgenia, worked as an engineer, while his father was a gifted mathematician. However, in the former Soviet Union, Mikhail Brin experienced great inconvenience: latent anti-Semitism posed barriers to a talented mathematician. After graduating from Moscow State University, he was denied admission to graduate school, which pushed him to the fact that Brin began to work on his Ph.D. thesis “in private”. Mathematicians were not allowed to go abroad to scientific conferences either. But for unknown reasons, he was signed a visa to travel to the United States on a private invitation.

And at the end of the 70s of the last century, families who wanted to change their place of residence began to leave the Soviet Union. One of the first to decide to leave the country was Mikhail Brin. In the USA, he had many familiar mathematicians, so the choice fell on this power. So the biography of six-year-old Sergei took a sharp turn: he turned from a Soviet citizen into an American.

The beginning of the life of the Brins in the USA

After the move, the father of the family settled at the University of Maryland in the small town of College Park. His wife got a job as a scientist at the National Aeronautics and Space Agency.

Sergey Brin, the future creator of Google, during his studies began to amaze teachers with completed homework assignments, which he printed out on a home printer. Indeed, at that time, even in the United States, not everyone in families had computers - it was a rare luxury. Sergey Brin, on the other hand, owned a real Commodore 64 computer, which his father gave him for his nineth birthday.

Years of doctoral studies

Upon graduation, Sergey Brin is educated at the University of Maryland, where his father worked. With a bachelor's degree in his pocket, the future founder of Google moves to Silicon Valley - the place where the most powerful minds of the country are concentrated. The myriad of tech institutions and high-tech companies in Silicon Valley provide a wide range of choices for those who want to improve their knowledge. Sergey Brin chooses among the whole mass of offers a super-prestigious computer university - that was Stanford University.

Those who did not know Brin well could be mistaken in believing that the future founder of Google was a “nerd” - Sergey, like most young studio students, preferred fun classes to boring doctoral studies. The main disciplines to which Sergey Brin devoted the lion's share of his time were gymnastics, dancing, and swimming. But, despite this, a sharp idea, the name of which was “Google search engine.

After all, a lover of the fascinating Playboy site was sorry for his time and effort to “comb” it in order to look for something new. And, as they say, laziness is the very first reason for progress - and Sergey Brin created a program, independently and personally for his needs, which automatically found everything “fresh” on the site and downloaded this material to the PC of a resourceful young man.

The meeting of two geniuses that changed the whole world of the Internet

Here, at Stanford University, the meeting of the future founders of Google took place. Larry Page and Sergey Brin made up a wonderful intellectual tandem, which brought a unique innovation to the Internet - the original Google search engine.

However, the first meeting did not bode well at all: both Sergey Brin and Larry Page were a match for each other - both proud, ambitious, uncompromising. However, at some point in their disputes and screams, two magic words flashed - “search engines” - and the young men realized that this was their common interest.

We can say that this meeting was an important milestone in the destinies of both young people. And who knows if Sergey's biography would have been replenished with the discovery of Google if he hadn't met Larry? Although today it is generally accepted that it is Sergey Brin who is the founder of Google, while undeservedly forgetting to mention Larry Page.

First search page

Meanwhile, Sergey Brin, together with Larry Page, now, having abandoned all youthful amusements, pored over their “brainchild” for days. And in 1996, a page appeared on the computer of Stanford University, where both young men studied, - the predecessor of the now well-known Google search engine. The search page was called BackRub, which translated as "you - to me, and I - to you." It was the scientific work of graduate students whose names were Sergey Brin and Larry Page. Later, the search page became known as PageRank.

BackRub founder Sergey Brin kept a server with a hard drive in his dorm room. Its volume was equal to one terabyte or 1024 "gigabytes", if translated into the modern language of computer scientists. BackRub's principle of operation was based on not just finding pages on the Internet upon request, but ranking them depending on how often other pages link to them, how often Internet users access them. Actually, this principle was subsequently developed in the Google system.

The future founders of Google, Sergey Brin and Larry Page, became even more established in their decision to continue working on improving the search system, because even this imperfect program began to be used by a huge number of people. For example, in 1998, about ten thousand users applied here daily.

However, the proverb that the initiative must always be punished at this time was very inopportunely realized. Sergey Brin recalls that Stanford professors were indignant that the service began to consume most of the university Internet traffic. But the worst thing for teachers was not even that - the future creators of Google were accused of hooliganism!

The reason for everything was the imperfection of the system. And she even "flaunted" university "closed" documents, access to which was strictly limited. At this time, the biography of the future founders of Google could well have received such a negative fact as being expelled from the university.

Turning Google into Google

Young people were already developing their grandiose discovery, they even came up with the name of the company - Googol, which meant one with one hundred zeros. The meaning of this name was that the company would have a huge base, a huge number of users! But it became impossible to work further on the university computer, so it was urgent to look for investors.

As it turned out, it’s not enough to come up with a bright name for your company, you also need to be able to convince wealthy people to believe in your genius, to decide to invest your capital. And here Sergey Brin and Larry Page could not find their vein in any way - the majority of potential investors did not even want to talk about the company.

And suddenly the young people were surprisingly lucky: businessman Andy Bechtolsheim, the one who was among the founders of Sun Microsystems Corporation, decided to help them. However, he did not even listen to the confused speech of the young men, but somehow immediately believed in their genius and success.

Andy, two minutes into the conversation, took out his checkbook and began to write out a check for one hundred thousand dollars, inquiring about the name of the company. And only when they went out into the street, the young people discovered a “mistake”: their investor casually, due to his inattention, renamed their offspring, putting the name of the company “Google Inc” instead of “Googol”.

Now the partners faced a new problem: in order to receive the money on the check, it was necessary to register Google as a matter of urgency. Sergey Brin, together with Larry Page, took an academic leave from the university and began urgently calling friends and relatives in order to obtain some finance to achieve their goal. It took a whole week, and on September 7, 1998, the birth of Google with a million-dollar capital in the account was officially registered.

The success of the search engine is the success of its creators

At first, Google's staff consisted of four people. Sergey Brin was a leading founding member of Google. Most of the finances went to business development - there was practically nothing left for advertising. However, in 1999, all the major media were ringing about a successful Internet search engine, the number of Google users increased many times over. Sergey Brin and Larry Page pointed out that Google search was not limited to a few powerful servers - Google supported several thousand simple personal computers.

In the summer of 2004, the company's shares on the stock exchange received the highest value. Sergey and Larry were at the peak of their success.

From that moment on, Sergey Brin's biography underwent a dramatic upheaval: he and his companion friend turned into billionaires. The fortune of each today is estimated at over 18 billion dollars.

Work in a company

Today, the company has a main office in the very center of Silicon Valley. The comfort in which employees work here shakes the most democratically organized companies and corporations.

Currently, Google is a large corporation known throughout the world, with a multi-billion dollar annual income. Her fame is also evidenced by the appearance of such slang expressions as “google”, “google for help”.

Of great interest is the name, the reason for success and the history of the company itself.

The company itself was born out of a chance meeting of two talented graduate students in 1995 at Stanford University - Larry Page and Sergey Brin.

Sergey Brin grew up in a Moscow family of mathematicians who emigrated to the United States for permanent residence in 1979. Sergey received an early bachelor's degree in mathematics and computer systems from the University of Maryland, in 1993 he entered Stanford University.

Larry Page is from the Midwest, raised in a family of teachers, and received a bachelor's degree in computing from the University of Michigan.

The first meeting grew first into a strong friendship, and then into scientific cooperation. The graduate students had a lot in common - both fathers were professors, mothers were engaged in science, both of them were born in 1973, grew up with computers and loved everything connected with them.

Sergey Brin worked on the problem of data mining, Larry Page dreamed of changing the world.

After meeting, they began to work on a search engine, the purpose of which is to organize all the world's information and make it useful.

The graduate students built their first search engine out of toy building blocks, prefabricated computer parts borrowed from the university for a while.

Having provided the system with a special algorithm, the name of which was given to BackRub, they created a revolutionary search engine, "doomed" to success.

The search engines that existed at that time paid attention only to the number of repetitions of keywords.

The search engine of Larry and Sergey was more efficient - it used a mathematical algorithm that tracks the number of links from site to site and, the more links, the higher the position in the ranking. It became immediately clear that such a ranking is much better.

Realizing that within the framework of the university the project would not give the necessary scale, they decided to take a vacation, open a company and develop it.

The creators renamed the search engine and on September 15, 1997 registered it under the name Google - this is an incorrect spelling of a mathematical term meaning one followed by one hundred zeros.

At first, Google was a simple search engine, and the company itself was located in a small garage.

And now, after 20 years of operation, Google has become the world's vacuum cleaner, sucking in digital data. It processes more than 20 petabytes of data every day, which is equal to 130 billion photos or 5 billion tracks, and processes 1 billion search queries per day.

Thus, the name of the company justified itself, and the dreams of two ambitious students became a reality!

Die Geschichte von Google begann 1995 an der Stanford University. Larry Page überlegte, an der Uni Stanford zu studieren, und Sergey Brin, der bereits Student dort war, sollte ihm den Campus zeigen.

Einigen Erzählungen zufolge konnten sie sich während ihres ersten Treffens auf schier gar nichts einigen – doch schon im folgenden Jahr begannen sie ihre Zusammenarbeit. In ihren Wohnheimzimmern entwickelten sie eine Suchmaschine, die mithilfe von Links die Wichtigkeit einzelner Webseiten im World Wide Web ermittelte, und nannten diese BackRub.

Kurze Zeit später wurde BackRub (zum Glück!) in Google umbenannt. Dieser Name basiert auf einem Wortspiel mit der mathematischen Bezeichnung für die Ziffer 1 mit 100 Nullen und steht für die Mission von Brin und Page, die Informationen der Welt zu organisieren und für alle zu jeder Zeit zugänglich und nutzbar zu machen.

Im Laufe der nächsten Jahre begann sich nicht nur die akademische Welt für Google zu interessieren, sondern auch Investoren im Silicon Valley wurden auf die Suchmaschine aufmerksam. Im August 1998 stellte Andreas von Bechtolsheim, einer der Gründer von Sun Microsystems, Brin und Page einen Scheck über 100.000 $ aus. Google Inc. wurde officiell registriert. Dank dieser Investition zog das neu eingetragene Unternehmen aus dem Studentenwohnheim in sein erstes Büro – die Garage von Susan Wojcicki (Mitarbeiterin Nr. 16 und aktuell CEO von YouTube) im kalifornischen Menlo Park. Klobige Desktop-Computer, eine Tischtennisplatte und leuchtend blaue Auslegware bestimmten nun die Arbeit von den frühen Morgenbis in die späten Abendstunden. Die Tradition einer Arbeitsumgebung hält bis heute an.

Bei Google ging es von Anfang an eher unkonventionell zu: Der erste Server wurde aus Legosteinen gebaut, und das erste "Doodle"(1998) bestand aus einem Strichmännchen im Logo, das Besucher der Website darauf hinwies, dass sich das gesamte Team freigenommen hatte und zum Burning Man Festival gefahren war. Unser Leitsatz "Tu nichts Böses" und " Unsere zehn Grundsätze" reflektieren unsere unkonventionellen Methoden. In den folgenden Jahren begann das Unternehmen, rasch zu expandieren, stellte Informatiker ein, baute ein Vertriebsteam auf und begrüßte mit Yoshka den ersten Google-Hund im Team. Die Garage wurde schnell zu klein, und Google zog in seinen derzeitigen Unternehmenssitz, den Googleplex im kalifornischen Mountain View, um Der Wunsch, die Dinge anders anzugehen, zog mit Und Yoshka auch.

Die unablässige Suche nach besseren Antworten steht nach wie vor im Mittelpunkt unseres gesamten Schaffens. Inzwischen beschäftigt Google über 60.000 Mitarbeiter in 50 verschiedenen Ländern und stellt Hunderte Produkte her, die von Milliarden Menschen weltweit genutzt werden, von YouTube über Android bis hin zu Gmail und natürlich der Google-Suche. Obwohl wir die Lego-Server abgeschafft und uns noch ein paar Hunde zugelegt haben, hat sich auf unserem Weg von der Garage zum Googleplex bis heute eins nicht geändert: Wir wollen weiter Technologien für alle Menschen entwickeln.

Every day, people from all over the world receive a colossal flow of information through the Internet. Most often, for such a service as information search, we resort to the help of Google, because it meets all the requirements of a modern person, namely, the activity is carried out quickly and efficiently. Every day the audience of "Google" replenishes. So what happens on the other side of the screen? How does it operate? Where is the headquarters of Google, where miracles happen? Now we will tell about it.

Who is the founder of Google?

The idea of ​​creating "Google" appeared within the walls from the usual research work of L. Page and S. Brin.

At that time, all existing search engines searched for information due to the mention of the entered terms on the sites. The authors of "Google" decided to improve this system, which independently analyzed the relationship between sites, which gave a better result. This technology is called PageRank. In it, an important role in finding the right information is played by the importance and number of pages linking to the site.

The very name of the company was suggested by science. A googol means a number that includes one and one hundred zeros. A little later in the advertising campaign, the name played a role, suggesting to the consumer that this search engine could provide people with more information.

Therefore, the question of who is the founder of Google can be answered with the following answer: science and consumer requirements.

Activity of the company

First of all, Google is a search engine. The interface is very convenient to use, as it helps to narrow the amount of information found at the user's request as much as possible.

Services such as Gmail and GoogleMap have also come into widespread use. The presence of "Google"-mail is very convenient if your activity is connected with international relations, therefore, upon registration, you receive a *.com domain.

As for the Google maps, they are very convenient to use from the point of view that they will literally show you the chosen place. This will help you quickly navigate the area.

Where is the headquarters of Google?

Google headquarters is not a secret place. She is located in California. The exact address of the main office is Mountain View, Amphitheater Parkway, CA 94043. The central office is a complex of buildings intended for the work of employees.

Also, when discussing the question of where the main office of Google is located, it is worth emphasizing that all buildings are located on the territory of Silicon Valley. And this is a territory for high-tech representatives of the industrial industry. The Google campus is called the Googleplex.

This year it became known about the construction of a new corporate headquarters in North Bayshore Mountain View. We will follow the development of this topic, because all Google offices have their own specific features.

Google office features

After considering the question of where the main office of "Google" is located, its characteristic features should be highlighted.

Google approached the issue of shaping the workspace in a very creative, unusual and stylish way.

It is important for the company that its employees give their best at their workplaces, so the management is ready to do everything for this. Employees have a huge number of privileges that no company can boast of, namely: massage services if necessary, the ability to travel to various parties, a wide selection of delicacies for every taste.

Each room is designed for a specific type of activity, ranging from a meeting room to a dining room. If an employee wants to take a nap, then there are special capsules for him that limit the sleeper from light and noise. Also on the territory there is a sandy playground for playing volleyball and a swimming pool.

Corporate culture

Google pays special attention to the culture in the company. This is so, must have full control over what is happening.

When choosing employees, in addition to the usual live selection, when a commission of Google representatives considers submitted applications, there is also computer control. This means that candidates' resumes are first reviewed by a computer and automatically identified who could potentially fit the company.

A new employee must be prepared for the fact that around him there will be a rapid change of people, a flat organizational structure. To succeed and get into the ranks of the Google employees, you need to have a passion for your own work, be creative, be open and ethical, and be able to impress others without a strict office suit.

In addition to monitoring ordinary employees, Google's offices also monitor executives. So, thanks to the conducted research, the structure and model of a good leader was revealed, his qualities were determined.

Subsidiaries of Google

Google itself is part of Google Inc., as well as the GoogleMap card database and 50 other projects that have facilitated the activities of a huge number of people around the world. In addition to the advertising service, web service, directories, software developers, Google Inc. also has a charitable fund Google Foundation. Also, "Google" has implemented its own development of a system of alternative DNS-addresses. If you look closely, you can understand that Google is all around us.

In order to expand the target audience every day, Google Inc. has subsidiaries Google. This list includes: On2 Technologies, Google Foundation, Zagat Survey, FeedBurner, DoubleClick, AdMob, Aardvark, Google Voice, Youtube. Based on this list, we can conclude that Google is trying to win people over the globe by offering various types of services on its platform.